計量單位與換算公式 [回試算表]

常數與換算
地球赤道半徑=6378.39km	地球兩極半徑=6356.91km
地球旋轉角速度Ω=7.292*10^5s^-1	重力 g45=980.616cm s**(-2)
太陽常數=1.96ly min**(-1)	水分子量mw=18.016g mol**(-1)
乾空氣氣體常數=2.8704*10**6erg g**(-1) K**(-1)
乾空氣平均分子量m=28.966g mol**(-1)
乾空氣定壓比熱 cp=7R/2=0.240 cal g**(-1) K**(-1)
乾空氣定容比熱 cv=5R/2=0.171 cal g**(-1) K**(-1)
Stefan-Boltzmann constant=8.132*10**(-11)ly K**(-4) min**(-1)
緯度平行於赤道，1度約 111公里，經度因為在兩極相會，故自赤道處之1度約111公里漸向兩極縮為 0公里，在台北(北緯24度)附近，1經度約為 101公里。兩點間之距離公式列如下：[試算表] 兩點間距離D(x1,y1,x2,y2)=r*acos(sin(x1)*sin(x2)+cos(x1)*cos(x2)*cos(y1-y2)) x,y是緯度，經度的弧度單位，r是地球半徑 在同經度上時 D=r*|x1-x2|
氣壓：1 atmosphere pressure=1013.25hPa=760.00mm of mercury(Hg)=29.921 inches(Hg)≒14.7lb/sq.inch
速度：1m/s = 1.94knots = 2.24miles/hr = 3.28ft/s = 3.60 km/hr
長度：1浬nautical mile=1.150776哩mile=6076呎feet=1852公尺meter=6100台尺=72913吋inch
重量：1台斤=0.6公斤kilogram=1.2市斤=1.3227磅pound=21.16434英兩ounce
面積：1公頃=100公畝=10000平方公尺sq.meter=2.471英畝acre=1.0310甲=3025坪=10.31分
容積：1立方公尺cubic meter=1公秉=1000公升liter=219.98加侖gallon(UK)=264.171gallon(USA)
熱量：1 calorie=4.187*10**7 ergs
太陽輻射單位換算 --近紫外線(約0.3-0.4μ)至近紅外線(約3~4μ)間之波長
積算量：1MJ•m^-2=23.9cal•cm^-2=0.278 kw•h•m^-2
強度：1cal•cm^-2•min^-1=0.698kw•m^-2	1kw•m^-2=1.431cal•cm^-2•min^-1
1J=1w•s	1ly=1cal•cm^-2= 0.0428MJ•m^-2
IPS(International Pyrheliometric Scale)-1956觀測值=Smithsonian觀測值 × 0.98
WRR(World Radiometric Reference) 觀測值= IPS-1956觀測值 × 1.022 (CWB測報作業規範)

長度(英美制) Lengths *

1 foot (ft.) = 12 inches (in.)

1 yard (yd) = 3 feet

1 rod = 5.5 yards

1 fathom = 6 feet

1 furlong = 40 rods = 1/8 mile

1 mile (mi.) = 1760 yards = 5280 feet

1 nautical mile = 1.15 miles = 6076.1 feet

1 land league = 3 miles

1 marine league = 3 nautical miles

重量(英美制) Weights *

Avoirdupois Measures

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

1 ounce (oz.) = 437.5 grains

1 pound (lb.) = 16 ounces

1 ton = 2000 pounds

1 long ton = 2240 pounds

Troy Measures

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

1 carat = 3.086 grains = 0.2 grams

1 pennyweight = 24 grains

1 troy ounce = 480 grains

1 troy pound = 12 troy ounces

Apothecary Measures

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

1 scruple = 20 grains

1 dram = 3 scruples

1 apothecary ounce = 8 drams

1 apothecary pound = 12 apothecary ounces

體積 Volumes *

液體計量 Liquid Measures

1 tablespoon (tbsp or T) = 3 teaspoons (tsp or t)

1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 2 tablespoons = 1.805 in³

1 cup (c) = 8 fl. oz.

1 pint (pt) = 16 fl. oz. = 28.88 in³

1 quart (qt) = 2 pints = 57.75 in³

1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts

1 barrel of petroleum = 42 gal.

1 barrel of liquid = 31 gal.

固體計量 Dry Measures

1 in³ = 16.387 cm³

1 ft³ = (12 in)³ = 1728 in³

1 yd³ = (3 ft)³ = 27 ft³

1 dry pint (pt) = 33.60 in³

1 dry quart (qt) = 2 dry pints = 67.2 in³

1 peck = 8 dry quarts

1 bushel = 4 pecks

1 cord = 128 ft³

SI (Metric) Prefixes *

Small Values

Large Values

Prefix

Abbreviation

Value

Prefix

Abbreviation

Value

分(十分) Deci

d

10^-1

十 Deca

da

10¹

厘(百分) Centi

c

10^-2

百 Hecto

h

10²

毫 Milli

m

10^-3

千 Kilo

k

10³

微 Micro

μ (ppm)

10^-6百萬分

百萬Mega

M

10⁶

奈(極微)Nano

n (ppb)

10^-9十億分

吉(十億)Giga

G

10⁹

皮(微微)Pico

p

10^-12兆分

兆Tera

T

10¹²

飛 Femto

f

10^-15

拍Peta (京:10¹⁶)

P

10¹⁵

阿 Atto

a

10^-18

艾Exa

Z

10¹⁸

介 Zepto

z

10^-21

皆Zetta

E

10²¹

攸Yocto

y

10^-24

佑Yotta

Y

10²⁴

其他：中國古稱

垓	秭	穰	溝	澗	正	載	極
10^20	10^24	10^28	10^32	10^36	10^40	10^44	10^48

參考名稱：

恆河沙	阿僧祇	那由他	不可思議	無量	大數
10^52	10^56	10^60	10^64	10^68	10^72

換算 *
英制 -> 公制
1 inch = 2.540 cm	1 foot = 0.3048 m
1 yard = 0.9144 m	1 mile = 1.6093 km
1 pound = 0.4536 kg	1 fl. oz. = 29.574 milliliters
1 qt = 0.9464 liters	1 gal = 3.785 liters
公制 -> 英制
1 cm = 0.3937 in.	1 m = 3.28 feet
1 m = 1.094 yards	1 km = 0.6214 mi.
1 kg = 2.205 pounds	1 milliliter = 0.03381 fl. oz.
1 liter = 1.057 qt.	1 liter = 0.2642 gal.

溫度 Temperature

理想氣體狀態方程 Equation of State of an Ideal Gas

pV = mRT if p=1013.25mb, V=22.415*10**3cm**3, T=273.16゜K

R*=mR=universal gas constant =8.3144*10**7 erg mol**-1 k**-1

財務公式 Financial Formulas *

Savings Plan (Regular Payments)	Savings Plan Formula Solved for Payments